fig2

Figure 2. Mechanisms of CSC targeting by fenretinide. While classical retinoids are known to promote the differentiation of CSCs, fenretinide can reduce the content of this population by multiple mechanisms, i.e., by promoting apoptosis or inducing dormancy. Created in BioRender. Verachi, P. (2026) https://BioRender.com/qawlsjb. CSC: Cancer stem cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase.