fig4

Figure 4. (A) Schematic illustration of the mechanisms of the regulatory effects on GABA metabolism induced by H-mMnO₂ NVs; (B) The expression or phosphorylation rate of GSK-3β, β-Catenin, and PD-L1 in CSCs after different treatments; (C) Representative images of tumorspheres. Scale bar: 100 μm. Reproduced with permission^[70]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society. CD: Cluster of differentiation; GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid; NV: nanovesicle; GSK-3β: Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β; PD-L1: Programmed Death-Ligand 1; CSC: cancer stem cell; NP: nanoparticle.