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Figure 2. Early-life microbial maturity trajectories and implications for health; Conceptual overview summarising evidence that altered gut microbial maturation during infancy is linked to disease risk. Both unusually low or high microbial maturity in early life (birth - 3 months) and delayed maturation, characterised by low microbial maturity at 12 months, are associated with increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. Created in BioRender. Lavelle, A. (2026) https://BioRender.com/sxuv56p