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Figure 2. Thermal-field evolution, grain-growth behavior, and solidification characteristics of Ti6Al4V during laser-based deposition. (A) Simulated temperature field and molten-pool characteristics during single-track deposition; (B) transverse-section grain morphology showing columnar and equiaxed grains; (C) longitudinal-section grain-growth morphology along the scanning direction; (D) cooling-rate distribution within the molten pool; and (E) temperature-gradient distribution within the molten pool. This figure is adapted from Ref.^[37]. Licensed under CC-BY 4.0.