fig4

Figure 4. Bright-field (BF) TEM images showing dislocation characteristics in HS and HM Ti after fatigue. (A-D) HS Ti after fatigue at σ_max = 375 MPa and N_f= 10⁷. The electron beam direction is approximately parallel to the $$ {[11 \overline{2} 0]} $$ zone axis (A) and two-beam using operating vector of g = 0002 (B-D) near the $$ {[11 \overline{2} 0]} $$ zone axis; (E and F) HM Ti after fatigue at σ_max = 175 MPa and N_f = 10⁷. The electron beam direction is parallel to the $$ {[11 \overline{2} 0]} $$ zone axis (E) and two-beam using operating vector of g = $$ {01 \overline{1} 0} $$ (F) near the $$ {[11 \overline{2} 0]} $$ zone axis. TEM: Transmission electron microscope; HS: heterostructured; HM: homostructured.