fig2
From: Artificial intelligence for toxicokinetic parameterization in environmental exposure assessment
Figure 2. Representative AI/ML model architectures used for toxicokinetic parameterization [Created in BioRender. Zhang, Z. (2026) https://BioRender.com/mdf4f4m]. AI/ML: Artificial intelligence and machine learning; SMILES: simplified molecular-input line-entry system; SELFIES: self-referencing embedded strings.





