fig1

Figure 1. AI applications in environmental etiology research on ASD. Icons in this figure were created using BioGDP (https://BioGDP.com)^[30] and the built-in library in Microsoft PowerPoint. LUR: Land use regression; ML: machine learning; GRU: gated recurrent unit; SHAP: Shapley Additive explanations; ROA: recurrence quantification analysis; SVM: support vector machine; WQS: weighted quantile sum; SiRF: signed iterative random forests; FGWQSR: frequentist grouped weighted quantile sum regression; MIA: maternal immune activation; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; MS: mass spectrometry; LASSO: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; LLMs: large language models; GNN: graph neural network; EDCs: endocrine disrupting chemicals.