fig1

Epigenetic regulation of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology: biological sex matters

Figure 1. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the heart. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling act together to control cardiac development and adaptation to stress. DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; 5mC: 5-methylcytosine; TET: ten-eleven translocation (dioxygenase) enzymes; HDACs: histone deacetylases; HDMs: histone demethylases; HATs: histone acetyltransferases; HMTs: histone methyltransferases; Me1: mono-methylation; HF: heart failure. Figure created in BioRender. Stephens, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/n26cejf.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging
ISSN 2768-5993 (Online)

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