fig9

Figure 9. (A) Relative Gibbs free energy (ΔG) calculated at 1 atm and 298 K; Figure 9A is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[222]. Copyright © 2021 Springer Nature, under CC BY 4.0 license; (B) Electrostatic potential diagrams of EC, DMC, VTEO, and V4 before and after Li⁺ solvation; Figure 9B is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[258]. Copyright © 2024 Wiley; (C) RDFs and CNs of Li⁺-O_EMC/DMC, and (d) Li⁺-O_FEC; Figure 9C and D is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[259]. Copyright © 2023 Wiley; (E) Reaction pathways of selected additives with HF and transition-state complexes; Figure 9E is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[263]. Copyright © 2025 Wiley. VC: Vinylene carbonate; DMVC: dimethyl vinylene carbonate; EC: ethylene carbonate; DMC: dimethyl carbonate; VTEO: vinyltriethoxysilane; V4: 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane; FED: FEC : EMC : DMC (2 : 4 : 4 by volume); EMC ethyl methyl carbonate; FEC: fluoroethylene carbonate; MOTMS: methoxytrimethylsilane; TS: transition state; FS: final state; TEA: triethylamine; MOTMS-HF: reaction paths of MOTMS additives with HF molecules; HMDS: heptamethyldisilazane; HF: hydrogen fluoride; RDF: radial distribution function.