fig5

Figure 5. (A) Schematic illustration of the electrospinning process and mechanism. The right part shows the formation of an electrospinning jet through a Taylor cone, a transition zone, whipping, and terminal fiber regions under complex forces (e.g., surface tension, gravity force, electrical stress, viscosity drag force, and electric polarization stress). After the transition zone, the jet follows a path through three sequential bending instabilities^[59]. Reproduced from Ref.^[59] with open access from Elsevier; (B) Electrospinning apparatus set-up and nanofiber mesh^[64]. Reproduced from Ref.^[64] with open access from Springer Nature.