fig10

Figure 10. (A) Nyquist plots of EIS spectra recorded for CoO_x/VS₂/CP (0.5C), Co₃O₄/CP (0.5C), VS₂/CP, and CP at an applied potential of 1.6 V vs. RHE with a voltage amplitude of 10 mV over a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz; (B) Current densities of CoO_x/VS₂/CP samples with varying Co deposition amounts, measured at 1.6 V during the 1st and 100th cycles. Data were acquired via CV-averaged linear sweep voltammetry over 100 cycles within a potential range of 1.23 to 1.83 V vs. RHE. Reprinted from^[113], under CC BY 4.0 license; (C) Schematic diagram of the OER mechanism governed by synergistic coupling at the crystalline/amorphous interface; (D) Corrosion current densities and corresponding potentials for three catalysts in natural seawater. Figure 10C and D is reprinted with permission^[114]. Copyright 2026, Elsevier; (E) LSV measurements with in-situ iR compensation were performed for a-NMO, a-RNMO, c-NMO and RuO₂ catalysts; (F) Tafel curves fitted from the LSV data in panel (E); (G) Polarization curve recorded for the electrolyzer operated without iR-compensation, where a-RNMO served as the anode and Pt/C as the cathode, in flowing 1 M KOH at 80 °C. Inset: schematic of AEMWE cell. Figure 10e-g is reprinted with permission^[53]. Copyright 2025, Springer Nature. SCE: Saturated calomel electrode; FcNi-BDC: two-dimensional ferrocene-based metal-organic frameworks; a-RNMO: Ru single atoms onto amorphous NiMoO_x; c-NMO: crystalline NiMoO₄; RNMO: rare-earth nickel mixed oxide; RHE: reversible hydrogen electrode; MEA: membrane electrode assembly; EIS: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; CP: carbon paper; OER: oxygen evolution reaction; LSV: linear sweep voltammetry; iR: iR compensation; CV: cyclic voltammetry; AEMWE: anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer.