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From: Reaction mechanisms, key challenges, and future prospects of zinc-ion/magnesium-based batteries: from fundamental researches to electrode/electrolyte engineering

Reaction mechanisms, key challenges, and future prospects of zinc-ion/magnesium-based batteries: from fundamental researches to electrode/electrolyte engineering

Figure 1. (A) Zn 2p core level spectra of cathodic crystalline α-MnO₂ electrodes in the original, extraction, and insertion states. (B) XRD patterns of cathodic crystalline α-MnO₂ electrodes in the original, extraction, and insertion states. (A and B) Reprinted with permission from^[66]. Copyright 2011, Wiley; (C) charge and discharge curves at different rates in first cycle. (D) Ex-situ XRD patterns of the MnO₂@CFP cathode at depth of discharge at 1.3 V and 1.0 V, respectively. (E) SEM and elemental mapping images of discharged MnO₂@CFP electrode. (C-E) Reprinted with permission from^[69]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. XRD: X‑ray diffraction; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; CFP: carbon fiber paper.