fig1

Figure 1. Design principle of electrolytes. (A) Schematics of the evolution of solvation structures at the cathode and anode interfaces in PLE electrolyte. (B) The optimized geometric configurations and electrostatic potential of TBP, PFPN and TTE. (C) Schematics of varied interactions and binding energies between Li⁺ and TBP in HCE, TLE and PLE electrolytes. (D) The binding energy of Li⁺-FSI^- in HCE, TLE and PLE electrolytes.