fig4

Figure 4. (A) Schematic illustration of the hybrid Na-CO₂ system and its reaction mechanism, (B) cyclic voltammetry (CV) profiles, (C) anodic rotating disk electrode profile, and (D) cycle performance of the hybrid Na-CO₂ battery. (A-D) Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[21]. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier; (E) Flow cell type hybrid Na-CO₂ battery and its discharge product, (F) FE_formate, FE_CO, and FE_H2 at different current densities, (G) discharge polarization curves and power density curves, (H) FE of discharge products at different current densities. (E-H) Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[34]. Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society; (I) Schematic illustration of the proposed hybrid Na-CO₂ battery, (J) photograph of a practical hybrid Na-CO₂ battery, hybrid Na-CO₂ battery performance: (K) discharge-charge voltage curves with different catholytes, and (L) cycling performance. (I-L) Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[25]. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier. NASICON: Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂.