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Figure 2. Conceptual overview of AI-powered digital twin systems in orthopedics. Multimodal patient data are integrated into dynamic digital twin models and enhanced by AI-driven analytics to support diagnosis, prediction, surgical planning, and rehabilitation. The system enables adaptive, personalized, and data-driven clinical decision-making in precision orthopedics. Created in BioRender. Wu, H. (2026) https://BioRender.com/0ngyql5. AI: Artificial intelligence.