fig3

Figure 3. Development and applications of representative robotic chemists and autonomous laboratory platforms in materials discovery. (A) A mobile robot-assisted autonomous synthesis workflow. This figure is reproduced from reference^[6] under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license; (B) An autonomous platform for inorganic materials discovery. This figure is reproduced from reference^[3] under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license; (C) A theory-experiment collaborative optimization workflow for amorphous high-entropy electrocatalysts. This figure is reproduced with permission from reference^[23] Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society; (D) A robotic AI chemist-driven closed-loop discovery platform for high-entropy electrocatalysts. This figure is reproduced with permission from reference^[24]. Copyright © 2026 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. AI: Artificial intelligence; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; MS: mass spectrometry; AHE: amorphous high-entropy electrocatalyst; t-SNE: t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding; BO: Bayesian optimization.