REFERENCES
1. Shi, X. L.; Li, N. H.; Li, M.; Chen, Z. G. Toward efficient thermoelectric materials and devices: advances, challenges, and opportunities. Chem. Rev. 2025, 125, 7525-724.
2. Zhao, L. D.; Lo, S. H.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric figure of merit in SnSe crystals. Nature 2014, 508, 373-7.
3. Ding, T.; Chan, K. H.; Zhou, Y.; et al. Scalable thermoelectric fibers for multifunctional textile-electronics. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 6006.
4. Riffat, S.; Ma, X. Thermoelectrics: a review of present and potential applications. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2003, 23, 913-35.
5. Chen, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Dresselhaus, G.; Fleurial, J.; Caillat, T. Recent developments in thermoelectric materials. Int. Mater. Rev. 2013, 48, 45-66.
6. Mao, D.; Yang, J.; Han, M.; et al. Homo-layer flexible Bi2Te3-based films with high thermoelectric performance. Sci. Adv. 2025, 11, eadz1019.
8. Zhang, F.; Zhao, X.; Li, R.; et al. Enhanced thermoelectric performance in high-defect SnTe alloys: a significant role of carrier scattering. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2022, 10, 23521-30.
9. Deng, T.; Gao, Z.; Li, Z.; et al. Room-temperature exceptional plasticity in defective Bi2Te3-based bulk thermoelectric crystals. Science 2024, 386, 1112-7.
10. Dolez, P. I. Energy harvesting materials and structures for smart textile applications: recent progress and path forward. Sensors 2021, 21, 6297.
11. Gao, J.; Shang, K.; Ding, Y.; Wen, Z. Material and configuration design strategies towards flexible and wearable power supply devices: a review. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2021, 9, 8950-65.
12. Yang, S.; Li, Y.; Deng, L.; et al. Flexible thermoelectric generator and energy management electronics powered by body heat. Microsyst. Nanoeng. 2023, 9, 106.
13. Zhang, L.; Shi, X.; Yang, Y.; Chen, Z. Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices: from materials to applications. Materials. Today. 2021, 46, 62-108.
14. Huang, S.; Qian, C.; Liu, X.; et al. A review on flexible solar cells. Sci. China. Mater. 2024, 67, 2717-36.
15. Mwende Wairimu, G. Solar energy harvesting: innovations in photovoltaic materials. Res. Invent. J. Biol. Appl. Sci. 2024, 3, 64-8. https://smartie.kiu.ac.ug/public/assets/publications/d4900cbd3fe3f9868f3780d8e69aa5a4eafc1a99.pdf (accessed 2026-04-27).
16. He, Q.; Briscoe, J. Piezoelectric energy harvester technologies: synthesis, mechanisms, and multifunctional applications. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2024, 16, 29491-520.
17. Liu, H.; Zhong, J.; Lee, C.; Lee, S.; Lin, L. A comprehensive review on piezoelectric energy harvesting technology: materials, mechanisms, and applications. Appl. Phys. Rev. 2018, 5, 041306.
18. Choi, G. J.; Sohn, S. H.; Kim, S. J.; Park, I. K. Polymer composite-based triboelectric nanogenerators: recent progress, design principles, and future perspectives. Polymers 2025, 17, 1962.
19. Iqbal, M. S.; Lu, H.; Khaladkar, S.; et al. Recent advances in triboelectric nanogenerators: mechanism, rational designing and applications. Mater. Today. Energy. 2024, 46, 101732.
20. Wang, X.; Suwardi, A.; Lim, S. L.; Wei, F.; Xu, J. Transparent flexible thin-film p-n junction thermoelectric module. npj. Flex. Electron. 2020, 4, 19.
21. Shakeel, M.; Rehman, K.; Ahmad, S.; Amin, M.; Iqbal, N.; Khan, A. A low-cost printed organic thermoelectric generator for low-temperature energy harvesting. Renew. Energy. 2021, 167, 853-60.
22. Khoso, N. A.; Jiao, X.; GuangYu, X.; Tian, S.; Wang, J. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of graphene based nanocomposite coated self-powered wearable e-textiles for energy harvesting from human body heat. RSC. Adv. 2021, 11, 16675-87.
23. Hong, S.; Lee, T.; Liu, C. All-Solution-processed polythiophene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites integrated on biocompatible silk fibroin substrates for wearable thermoelectric generators. ACS. Appl. Energy. Mater. 2023, 6, 2602-10.
24. Inayat, S. B.; Rader, K. R.; Hussain, M. M. Manufacturing of thermoelectric nanomaterials (Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3/Bi1.75Te3.25) and integration into window glasses for thermoelectricity generation. Energy. Tech. 2014, 2, 292-9.
25. Inayat, S. B.; Hussain, M. M. Power generation from thermoelectric system-embedded plexiglas for green building technology. Appl. Nanosci. 2012, 3, 335-42.
26. Lee, J.; Choo, S.; Ju, H.; et al. Doping‐induced viscoelasticity in PbTe thermoelectric inks for 3D printing of power‐generating tubes. Adv. Energy. Mater. 2021, 11, 2100190.
27. He, M.; Lin, Y.; Chiu, C.; et al. A flexible photo-thermoelectric nanogenerator based on MoS2/PU photothermal layer for infrared light harvesting. Nano. Energy. 2018, 49, 588-95.
28. Zhao, J.; Zhao, X.; Guo, R.; et al. Preparation and characterization of screen-printed Cu2S/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films for flexible thermoelectric power generator. Nanomaterials. 2022, 12, 2430.
29. Jiang, C.; Wei, P.; Ding, Y.; et al. Ultrahigh performance polyvinylpyrrolidone/Ag2Se composite thermoelectric film for flexible energy harvesting. Nano. Energy. 2021, 80, 105488.
30. Zheng, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Jin, W.; et al. Carbon nanotube yarn based thermoelectric textiles for harvesting thermal energy and powering electronics. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2020, 8, 2984-94.
31. Shi, X. L.; Zou, J.; Chen, Z. G. Advanced thermoelectric design: from materials and structures to devices. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 7399-515.
32. Bahk, J.; Fang, H.; Yazawa, K.; Shakouri, A. Flexible thermoelectric materials and device optimization for wearable energy harvesting. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2015, 3, 10362-74.
33. Jariwala, D.; Sangwan, V. K.; Lauhon, L. J.; Marks, T. J.; Hersam, M. C. Carbon nanomaterials for electronics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and sensing. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 2824-60.
34. Yao, J.; Wang, H.; Chen, M.; Yang, M. Recent advances in graphene-based nanomaterials: properties, toxicity and applications in chemistry, biology and medicine. Mikrochim. Acta. 2019, 186, 395.
35. Wang, X.; Chang, K.; Zhang, Z.; et al. Performance enhancement and mechanism exploration of all-carbon-nanotube memory with hydroxylation and dehydration through supercritical carbon dioxide. Carbon 2021, 173, 97-104.
36. Huang, X.; Yu, H.; Tan, H.; et al. Carbon nanotube‐encapsulated noble metal nanoparticle hybrid as a cathode material for Li‐oxygen batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 6516-23.
37. Lee, M. H.; Kang, Y. H.; Kim, J.; Lee, Y. K.; Cho, S. Y. Freely shapable and 3D porous carbon nanotube foam using rapid solvent evaporation method for flexible thermoelectric power generators. Adv. Energy. Mater. 2019, 9, 1900914.
38. Shi, W.; Guo, R.; Tian, G.; et al. A broadband self-powered and stable photothermoelectric detector based on Ag2Se/MWCNTs composite fabricated via screen printing. Microstructures 2025, 5, 2025081.
39. Sun, X.; Wang, Y.; Li, K.; et al. Anisotropic electrical conductivity and isotropic seebeck coefficient feature induced high thermoelectric power factor > 1800 µW m-1 K-2 in MWCNT films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2203080.
41. Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 2004, 306, 666-9.
42. Kumar, V.; Kumar, A.; Lee, D. J.; Park, S. S. Estimation of number of graphene layers using different methods: a focused review. Materials 2021, 14, 4590.
43. Kotakoski, J.; Meyer, J. C. Mechanical properties of polycrystalline graphene based on a realistic atomistic model. Phys. Rev. B. 2012, 85, 195447.
44. Cheng, C.; Li, S.; Thomas, A.; Kotov, N. A.; Haag, R. Functional graphene nanomaterials based architectures: biointeractions, fabrications, and emerging biological applications. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 1826-914.
45. Mao, H. Y.; Laurent, S.; Chen, W.; et al. Graphene: promises, facts, opportunities, and challenges in nanomedicine. Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 3407-24.
46. Li, M.; Yin, B.; Gao, C.; et al. Graphene: preparation, tailoring, and modification. Exploration. 2023, 3, 20210233.
47. Zhang, D.; Mao, Y.; Bai, P.; et al. Multifunctional superelastic graphene-based thermoelectric sponges for wearable and thermal management devices. Nano. Lett. 2022, 22, 3417-24.
48. Feng, S.; Yao, T.; Lu, Y.; Hao, Z.; Lin, S. Quasi-industrially produced large-area microscale graphene flakes assembled film with extremely high thermoelectric power factor. Nano. Energy. 2019, 58, 63-8.
49. Guo, Y.; Mu, J.; Hou, C.; Wang, H.; Zhang, Q.; Li, Y. Flexible and thermostable thermoelectric devices based on large-area and porous all-graphene films. Carbon 2016, 107, 146-53.
50. Dharmaiah, P.; Jung, S.; Kim, J.; Kim, S. K.; Baek, S. Why is it challenging to improve the thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te3 alloys? Appl. Phys. Rev. 2024, 11, 031312.
51. Zeng, M.; Xie, H.; Saeidi-javash, M.; et al. Scalable nanomanufacturing of chalcogenide inks: a case study on thermoelectric V-VI nanoplates. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2021, 9, 22555-62.
52. Dun, C.; Kuang, W.; Kempf, N.; Saeidi-Javash, M.; Singh, D. J.; Zhang, Y. 3D printing of solution-processable 2D nanoplates and 1D nanorods for flexible thermoelectrics with ultrahigh power factor at low-medium temperatures. Adv. Sci. 2019, 6, 1901788.
53. Dun, C.; Hewitt, C. A.; Li, Q.; et al. Self-assembled heterostructures: selective growth of metallic nanoparticles on V2 -VI3 nanoplates. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1702968.
54. Shi, W.; Zhou, L.; Song, S.; Yang, J.; Zhang, H. Hydrothermal synthesis and thermoelectric transport properties of impurity‐free antimony telluride hexagonal nanoplates. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 1892-7.
55. Zhou, P.; Yang, W.; Qiu, Y.; et al. Progress of MXenes‐based Respons. Mater. for soft sensors and actuators. Respons. Mater. 2026, 4, e70036.
56. Zheng, Z.; Li, Y.; Niu, J.; et al. Significantly (00l)-textured Ag2Se thin films with excellent thermoelectric performance for flexible power applications. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2022, 10, 21603-10.
57. Hu, J.; Zhu, J.; Guo, F.; et al. Electronic orbital alignment and hierarchical phonon scattering enabling high thermoelectric performance p-type Mg3Sb2 zintl compounds. Research 2022, 2022, 9842949.
58. Park, D.; Ju, H.; Kim, J. Enhanced thermoelectric power factor and low thermal conductivity in one-dimensional Te/Ag2Te composites. Ceram. Int. 2017, 43, 11156-62.
59. Bharadwaj, S.; Ramasubramaniam, A.; Ram-Mohan, L. R. Lateral transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures for high efficiency thermoelectric devices. Nanoscale 2022, 14, 11750-9.
60. Oh, J. Y.; Lee, J. H.; Han, S. W.; et al. Chemically exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheet-based wearable thermoelectric generators. Energy. Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 1696-705.
61. Patil, B.; Bernini, C.; Marré, D.; Pellegrino, L.; Pallecchi, I. Ink-jet printing and drop-casting deposition of 2H-phase SnSe2 and WSe2 nanoflake assemblies for thermoelectric applications. Nanotechnology 2021, 33, 035302.
62. Guo, Y.; Dun, C.; Xu, J.; et al. Wearable thermoelectric devices based on au-decorated two-dimensional MoS2. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2018, 10, 33316-21.
63. Chen, K.; Luan, Q.; Liu, T.; Albinsson, B.; Hou, L. Semiconductor nanocrystals‐based triplet‐triplet annihilation photon‐upconversion: mechanism, materials and applications. Respons. Mater. 2024, 3, e20240030.
64. Li, J.; Shi, Q.; Röhr, J. A.; et al. Flexible 3D porous MoS2/CNTs Architectures with ZT of 0.17 at room temperature for wearable thermoelectric applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2002508.
65. Shirakawa, H. The discovery of polyacetylene film: the dawning of an era of conducting polymers (Nobel Lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2574-80.
66. Heeger, A. J. Semiconducting and metallic polymers: the fourth generation of polymeric materials. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2001, 105, 8475-91.
67. Li, J.; Tang, X.; Li, H.; Yan, Y.; Zhang, Q. Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of hydrochloric acid-doped polyaniline. Synth. Met. 2010, 160, 1153-8.
68. Yao, Q.; Wang, Q.; Wang, L.; et al. The synergic regulation of conductivity and Seebeck coefficient in pure polyaniline by chemically changing the ordered degree of molecular chains. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2014, 2, 2634-40.
69. Yao, Q.; Chen, L.; Xu, X.; Wang, C. The High thermoelectric properties of conducting polyaniline with special submicron-fibre structure. Chem. Lett. 2005, 34, 522-3.
70. Cho, C.; Wallace, K. L.; Tzeng, P.; Hsu, J. H.; Yu, C.; Grunlan, J. C. Outstanding low temperature thermoelectric power factor from completely organic thin films enabled by multidimensional conjugated nanomaterials. Adv. Energy. Mater. 2016, 6, 1502168.
71. Liang, L.; Chen, G.; Guo, C. Polypyrrole nanostructures and their thermoelectric performance. Mater. Chem. Front. 2017, 1, 380-6.
72. Zhao, X.; Xu, H.; Liu, Z. T.; Li, G.; Jiang, J.; Liu, Z. W. Designable polypyrrole pattern in hydrogel achieved by photo-controllable concentration of Fe3+ initiator. Smart. Mol. 2024, 2, e20240015.
73. Wang, J.; Cai, K.; Shen, S.; Yin, J. Preparation and thermoelectric properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole composites. Synth. Met. 2014, 195, 132-6.
74. Park, H.; Kim, J. W.; Hong, S. Y.; et al. Microporous polypyrrole‐coated graphene foam for high‐performance multifunctional sensors and flexible supercapacitors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1707013.
75. Song, H.; Cai, K.; Wang, J.; Shen, S. Influence of polymerization method on the thermoelectric properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole composites. Synth. Met. 2016, 211, 58-65.
76. Groenendaal, L.; Jonas, F.; Freitag, D.; et al. Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and its derivatives: past, present, and future. Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 481-94.
77. Hu, X.; Chen, G.; Wang, X.; Wang, H. Tuning thermoelectric performance by nanostructure evolution of a conducting polymer. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2015, 3, 20896-902.
78. Bubnova, O.; Khan, Z. U.; Malti, A.; et al. Optimization of the thermoelectric figure of merit in the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 429-33.
79. Kim, J.; Jung, J.; Lee, D.; Joo, J. Enhancement of electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) by a change of solvents. Synth. Met. 2002, 126, 311-6.
80. Ouyang, J.; Xu, Q.; Chu, C.; Yang, Y.; Li, G.; Shinar, J. On the mechanism of conductivity enhancement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film through solvent treatment. Polymer 2004, 45, 8443-50.
81. Jönsson, S.; Birgerson, J.; Crispin, X.; et al. The effects of solvents on the morphology and sheet resistance in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT-PSS) films. Synth. Met. 2003, 139, 1-10.
82. Kee, S.; Kim, N.; Kim, B. S.; et al. Controlling molecular ordering in aqueous conducting polymers using ionic liquids. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 8625-31.
83. Fan, Z.; Du, D.; Yao, H.; Ouyang, J. Higher PEDOT molecular weight giving rise to higher thermoelectric property of PEDOT:PSS: a comparative study of clevios p and clevios PH1000. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2017, 9, 11732-8.
84. Petsagkourakis, I.; Pavlopoulou, E.; Cloutet, E.; et al. Correlating the Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric polymer thin films to their charge transport mechanism. Organic. Electronics. 2018, 52, 335-41.
85. Wei, Q.; Mukaida, M.; Kirihara, K.; Naitoh, Y.; Ishida, T. Thermoelectric power enhancement of PEDOT:PSS in high-humidity conditions. Appl. Phys. Express. 2014, 7, 031601.
86. Wang, H.; Ail, U.; Gabrielsson, R.; Berggren, M.; Crispin, X. Ionic Seebeck effect in conducting polymers. Adv. Energy. Mater. 2015, 5, 1500044.
87. Liu, P.; Li, Y.; Ni, Z.; Guo, C. Recent advances in preparation, thermoelectric properties, and applications of organic small molecule/SWCNT composites. Microstructures 2024, 4, 2024061.
88. Li, D.; Wu, G.; Wang, X.; Wu, J. R.; Yang, Y. W. [2]Biphenyl-extended pillar[6]arene functionalized silver nanoparticles for catalysis and label-free detection. Smart. Mol. 2023, 1, e20230016.
89. Zhang, Y.; Hu, Y.; Xie, B.; Yang, G.; Yin, Z.; Wu, H. Hoffmeister effect optimized hydrogel electrodes with enhanced electrical and mechanical properties for nerve conduction studies. Research 2024, 7, 0453.
90. Cohn, J. L.; Nolas, G. S.; Fessatidis, V.; Metcalf, T. H.; Slack, G. A. Glasslike heat conduction in high-mobility crystalline semiconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 82, 779-82.
91. Weng, M.; Qiu, Y.; Zhou, J.; et al. Multi-functional Nb4C3Tx (MXene)-bacterial cellulose composites for multimodal self-powered sensors toward a material/temperature recognition system. Chem. Eng. J. 2025, 522, 167607.
92. Zhang, J.; Zhang, T.; Zhang, H.; et al. Single-crystal SnSe thermoelectric fibers via laser-induced directional crystallization: from 1D fibers to multidimensional fabrics. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, e2002702.
93. Chen, C.; Zhao, B.; Wang, R.; et al. Janus helical ribbon structure of ordered nanowire films for flexible solar thermoelectric devices. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, e2206364.
94. Zhao, Z.; Fu, H.; Tang, R.; Zhang, B.; Chen, Y.; Jiang, J. Failure mechanisms in flexible electronics. Int. J. Smart. Nano. Mater. 2023, 14, 510-65.
95. Li, J.; Meng, X.; Shen, Y.; et al. Design strategy of porous elastomer substrate and encapsulation for inorganic stretchable electronics. Int. J. Smart. Nano. Mater. 2024, 15, 330-47.
96. Gao, Y.; Xu, J.; Qu, S.; Li, Y.; Sukhorukov, G. B.; Shang, L. Mussel-inspired self-assembly of silver nanoclusters into multifunctional silver aerogels for enhanced catalytic and bactericidal applications. Exploration. 2025, 5, 20240034.
97. Zhou, S. W.; Yu, C.; Chen, M.; Shi, C. Y.; Gu, R.; Qu, D. H. Self-healing and shape-shifting polymers controlled by dynamic bonds. Smart. Mol. 2023, 1, e20220009.
98. Yang, B.; Zhu, X.; Peng, C.; et al. Synchronized measurement of electromechanical responses of fabric strain sensors under large deformation. Smart. Wearable. Technol. 2025, 1, A7.
99. Wang, X.; Liu, T.; Sun, F.; et al. Highly tough, crack-resistant and self-healable piezo-ionic skin enabled by dynamic hard domains with mechanosensitive ionic channel. Smart. Mol. 2024, 2, e20240008.
100. Na, Y.; Kim, S.; Mallem, S. P. R.; Yi, S.; Kim, K. T.; Park, K. Energy harvesting from human body heat using highly flexible thermoelectric generator based on Bi2Te3 particles and polymer composite. J. Alloys. Compd. 2022, 924, 166575.
101. Sun, T.; Zhou, B.; Zheng, Q.; Wang, L.; Jiang, W.; Snyder, G. J. Stretchable fabric generates electric power from woven thermoelectric fibers. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 572.
102. Lee, J. A.; Aliev, A. E.; Bykova, J. S.; et al. Woven-yarn thermoelectric textiles. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 5038-44.
103. Dai, Z.; Lei, M.; Ding, S.; et al. Durable superhydrophobic surface in wearable sensors: from nature to application. Exploration 2024, 4, 20230046.
104. Komatsu, N.; Ichinose, Y.; Dewey, O. S.; et al. Macroscopic weavable fibers of carbon nanotubes with giant thermoelectric power factor. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 4931.
105. Li, C.; Wang, T.; Zhou, S.; et al. Deep learning model coupling wearable bioelectric and mechanical sensors for refined muscle strength assessment. Research 2024, 7, 0366.
106. He, X.; Gu, J.; Hao, Y.; et al. Continuous manufacture of stretchable and integratable thermoelectric nanofiber yarn for human body energy harvesting and self-powered motion detection. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 450, 137937.
107. Fu, S.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J.; et al. An ultra-stretchable fiber sensor with high linearity and durability via thermal drawing. Int. J. Smart. Nano. Mater. 2024, 16, 144-59.
108. Zhang, T.; Li, K.; Zhang, J.; et al. High-performance, flexible, and ultralong crystalline thermoelectric fibers. Nano. Energy. 2017, 41, 35-42.
109. Xu, Z.; Zhang, F.; Xie, E.; et al. A flexible, large-scale sensing array with low-power in-sensor intelligence. Research 2024, 7, 0497.
110. Ren, H.; Li, W.; Ding, Y.; et al. Flexible tactile sensors for enhancing robotic perception. Smart. Wearable. Technol. 2025, 1, A2.
111. Zhang, P.; Wang, G.; Yu, H. Ultraviolet‐visible‐near‐infrared light‐responsive soft materials: fabrication, photomechanical deformation and applications. Respons. Mater. 2024, 2, e20240016.
112. Wei, L.; Liu, X.; Li, Y.; et al. Multifunctional PHC bandage for accelerated wound healing in movable parts. Exploration. 2025, 5, 20230176.
113. Nan, K.; Kang, S. D.; Li, K.; et al. Compliant and stretchable thermoelectric coils for energy harvesting in miniature flexible devices. Sci. Adv. 2018, 4, eaau5849.
114. Chen, C.; Wang, R.; Li, X. L.; et al. Structural design of nanowire wearable stretchable thermoelectric generator. Nano. Lett. 2022, 22, 4131-6.
115. Lu, Y.; Qu, X.; Zhao, W.; et al. Highly stretchable, elastic, and sensitive MXene-based hydrogel for flexible strain and pressure sensors. Research. 2020, 2020, 2038560.
116. Chiba, S.; Waki, M. The potential of wearable systems using dielectric elastomers (DE). Smart. Wearable. Technol. 2025, 1, A3.
117. Zhu, P.; Shi, C.; Wang, Y.; et al. Recyclable, healable, and stretchable high‐power thermoelectric generator. Adv. Energy. Mater. 2021, 11, 2100920.
118. Kim, S.; Hyeon, D. Y.; Ham, S. S.; et al. Synergetic enhancement of the energy harvesting performance in flexible hybrid generator driven by human body using thermoelectric and piezoelectric combine effects. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2021, 558, 149784.
119. Kim, S. J.; We, J. H.; Cho, B. J. A wearable thermoelectric generator fabricated on a glass fabric. Energy. Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 1959.
120. Sargolzaeiaval, Y.; Padmanabhan Ramesh, V.; Neumann, T. V.; et al. Flexible thermoelectric generators for body heat harvesting - enhanced device performance using high thermal conductivity elastomer encapsulation on liquid metal interconnects. Appl. Energy. 2020, 262, 114370.
121. Yuan, J.; Zhu, R. A fully self-powered wearable monitoring system with systematically optimized flexible thermoelectric generator. Appl. Energy. 2020, 271, 115250.
122. Xu, Q.; Deng, B.; Zhang, L.; et al. High-performance, flexible thermoelectric generator based on bulk materials. Cell. Rep. Phys. Sci. 2022, 3, 100780.
123. Liang, J.; Wang, T.; Qiu, P.; et al. Flexible thermoelectrics: from silver chalcogenides to full-inorganic devices. Energy. Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 2983-90.
124. Jeon, J.; Bukharina, D.; Kim, M.; et al. Tunable and responsive photonic bio‐inspired materials and their applications. Respons. Mater. 2024, 2, e20230032.
125. Kumar, S.; Battabyal, M.; Satapathy, D. K. Flexible Ag2Se film with enhanced thermoelectric performance. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2024, 16, 66170-80.
126. Chen, W.; Shi, X. L.; Li, M.; et al. Nanobinders advance screen-printed flexible thermoelectrics. Science 2024, 386, 1265-71.
127. Yi, N.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Z.; et al. Multi‐functional Ti3C2Tx‐silver@silk nanofiber composites with multi‐dimensional heterogeneous structure for versatile wearable electronics. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 35, 2412307.
128. Zhang, L.; Qin, P.; Ying, H.; et al. A 3.55-µm Ultrathin, skin-like mechanoresponsive, compliant, and seamless ionic conductive electrode for epidermal electrophysiological signal acquisition and human-machine interaction. Exploration 2025, 5, 20240232.
